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.. include:: ./special.rst
PHY 3802L Intermediate Physics Lab Fall 2021 Test
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
* Section U01: Wednesdays 11 am - 1:45 pm, CP 251 (Dr. W. Boeglin)
* Section U02: Monday 11 am - 1:45 pm, CP 251 (Dr. L. Guo)
Office hours **W. Boeglin** in Person and via |CV| (Zoom on request): Tuesday, Thursday 12:30am - 2pm, or by appointment.
E-mail **W. Boeglin**: `boeglinw@fiu.edu`_
General Information
--------------------
**This course starts in the first week of classes**
**Due to the large COVID-19/Delta infection rate you are strongly encouraged to wear a mask in class, please help
keeping yourself and your colleagues healthy**
Prerequisites
..............
The same prerequisites apply to this laboratory as apply to the
PHY3106 lecture course. You must be enrolled in the lecture part of
the course, PHY3106. We will communicate with using |CV|.
Course Objectives
..................
Physics is based on the art of experimentation, observation and
quantitative analysis. The primary course objective is to introduce
you to a selection of important experiments and experimental methods
of Modern Physics. You will analyze a series of
experimental data from key experiments that are related to the foundations of modern physics and
resulted often in the award of a Nobel Prize for the researchers who
performed them the first time.
*During this course you will learn*:
* important experimental techniques
* to properly evaluate the errors of a measurement and its effect on
the final result.
* basic python programming and curve fitting (there will be an exam)
* to design and write analysis code in python including visualization.
* to present your experiment and results in a conference like setting.
* to prepare written reports of your research.
Course Format
.............
First we will install the necessary software and provide an introduction into basic python programming using
the special python package for this lab called *LabTools*. You will have to work through a tutorial and
pass an exam on this subject to make sure you are ready for the subsequent work.
You cannot pass this class without passing the python exam but you will be able to re-take the exam
if you fail it the first time.
You will analyze about 8 experiments during the semester. When you come to class, you need to be prepared for the
experiment by having read the experiment description **before you come
to class**.
In between experiment blocks there will be analysis and
make-up sessions to allow you to keep up with the work and work on your python analysis code.
For each experiment you will write a report as
outlined in the next section. The report **MUST** be submitted using |CV| on time.
At the end of the semester you will give a 10 minute presentation on
one of the experiments.
Help Available !
................
When you run into problems with the experiment, its analysis or
programming problems you can always ask. Do not hesitate, there are no
silly questions. It is better you ask early than too late. You can ask
me during class, during office hours or when you make an
appointment. Make-up/Analysis sessions as especially suited to get
problems solved. **ASK FOR HELP, DO NOT WAIT, DO NOT BE SHY !!!!**
Grading
--------
Grades are based on:
#. The lab reports
#. The Python exam
#. Your presentation
#. Attendance
:red:`You need a passing grade in each of these categories to pass the course`.
*Attendance:* You are expected to attend each class session as this gives you the best opportunity
to ask questions and get started with the analysis. In contrast to in-person labs you will all work
on the same experiment in each class sessions. This is also where I will provide help and additional
explanations to help you getting a successful analysis. You are allowed only **ONE unexcused**
absence from a class session. If you have more you will fail the attendance
part of the course. If you have to be absent you need to inform me
**BEFORE** class. If you are sick I will require a
doctors notice or another official document.
Individual lab reports are graded using the rubric you can download from :download:`here <./docs/report_rubric.pdf>`
We will be using |CV| to hand in the reports. This allows
easier administration and the inclusion of grading comments inside the
document.
**Lab reports MUST be submitted on time. For each day that a report is submitted late it will have a point deduction of 15 points.**
Due dates for the Lab Reports are posted on |CV|.
The final grade is made up as follows: lab reports (50%), programming exam (15%), attendance(10%) and your presentation(25%).
The grading scale is:
======= ====================
Grade: Minimum Average:
======= ====================
A 92
A- 88
B+ 84
B 80
B- 77
C+ 74
C 70
D 50
F 0
F0 0, <60% complete
======= ====================
An F0 will be assigned to students who both earn a failing grade based
on course standards and who fail to complete at least 60% of the
course requirements or fail to attend at least 60% of class
sessions. An F0 equals zero grade points per credit hour and is a
permanent grade.
Incomplete grades can be given only for documented reasons beyond the
control of the student, and not for failing work or lack of time.
More Information on Course Requirements
---------------------------------------
Preparation
...........
In order to make optimal use of your lab time you have to know
what is required from you once you come to class. All the lab descriptions are available online.
**Before class you MUST have**:
* read the description of the experiment you are
about to carry out and be able to summarize it.
* view the video (if available)
* prepare your note book (e.g. table headings, summary of important quantities to measure)
* setup a directory (folder) on your computer for your experiment data and analysis scripts
* prepared the structure of the data files you think you will need
* questions ready for your instructor about what you do not understand
Written Reports
...............
Structure of the Lab Report
*Introduction*
A summary of what is to be investigated and the physics
principles that are applied to do so. (This means often a summary
of the given experiment description in your own words) You don't
need to include the original lab description.
*Experiment: Setup and Data*
A drawing (not by hand) of the setup and all data taken
including the estimated uncertainties. You do not need to include
spectra or logger pro files (which contain hundreds of data
points) in numeric form, but you need to shown them as
plots.
*Data and Error Analysis*
Describe all details of your data analysis
**including your error analysis** in such a way that another person
who is reading your report can reproduce your analysis and your
results. **A report without a thorough error analysis is not acceptable!**
All your plots must have properly labeled axes, titles and all
experimental data points must have error bars. You need to
describe in your report what your plots show. For information on
error analysis see: `Summary of Error Analysis and Statistical Methods`_
*Summary and Conclusion*
A summary of your final results and a comparison
to published results. Compare your result with published data,
does your result deviate and if so how large is the deviation in
terms of your estimated error. What can you conclude from this ? What could be improved in order to
improve the measurement?
*About the content*
- All figures and tables need to have captions.
- Write your own formulas using a formula editor and label them.
- Create you own drawings using a drawing program.
- If you use material from other sources (internet etc.) you need to properly quote it otherwise this
is plagiarism
An example of an excellent, student written lab report can be found :download:`here <./pictures/example_report.pdf>`.
Oral Presentations
..................
Each of you will give an oral presentation about one of the
experiments. This presentation should be APS 10-min style with up to 5
minutes for discussion. All students in the class are required to
attend. In order to get a passing grade you **MUST** give this
presentation (it is a necessary condition).
Presentation topics will be assigned later.
Grading criteria: I will provide you with guidelines of what
constitutes a good presentation well ahead of your talk.
Record Keeping
..............
You will record all your measurements and procedures in a "Laboratory Notebook"
or "Logbook" that you will receive on the first day of classes. This is also where you have sketches of the setup
indicating measued quantities, write down your ideas regarding analysis, perform your
derivations and keep notes on your program so that you know how it works or is supposed to work.
.. |national| image:: pictures/national_brand_computation_book_43648.png
:alt: Image of Lab Notebook
:scale: 80%
Communication
..............
|CV| will be used throughout the course to facilitate communications
between the instructor and students. You
must make sure that you are receiving and reading your messages; you are
responsible for checking for important information and updates. You can use the chat feature.
Software Tools
--------------
To prepare for your first class please download: `Anaconda Python
`_
We will spend the first class
to help you install the software and familiarize yourself with the
different parts.
Learning the elements of computer programming to analyze data is part of this course.
A python based software package (`LabTools`_) is used that covers all software
and analysis needs that you may have. A tutorial (`Data Analysis with LabTools
`_)
including installation instructions is available. I strongly
encourage you to work through the
`Python Fundamentals `_
part. This will be part your Python proficiency exam. In this exam you will be tested on your
python capabilities as are needed for this course. You **MUST** pass it but you will have to opportunity
to try multiple times (with a deduction of points).
Experiments
------------
The experiment descriptions are linked to the
table of experiments below. **You must READ your lab description PRIOR
to the class session.**
Help on error analysis and examples can be found in
`A Summary of Error Analysis and Statistical Methods `_
Groups
.......
Groups will be formed during the first week of classes.
Section U01
~~~~~~~~~~~
.. csv-table::
:header: "G1", "G2", "G3", "G4", "G5", "G6"
Miguel Fadhel, Antonio Costa , Alejandro Cruz , Kayla Alfonso, Ernesto Martinez , Alejandro Aponte
Rigel Jimenez, Soichi Ystokazu Gomez , Santiago Aguirre , Kayla Shelow , Jose Jimenez , Sabrina Garami
, Suraima Aragon Teclas , Jonathan Escobedo, , Christopher Jerauld, Brandon Roldan Tomei
Schedule
........
Experiment Schedule
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. csv-table::
:header: Week, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, Lab Report
1, Software introduction , Software introduction , Software introduction , Software introduction , Software introduction , Software introduction ,
2, `Python Practice`_ , `Python Practice`_ , `Python Practice`_ , `Python Practice`_ , `Python Practice`_ , `Python Practice`_ ,
3, `e/m Ratio`_ , `e/m Ratio`_ , `e/m Ratio`_ , `e/m Ratio`_ , `e/m Ratio`_ , `e/m Ratio`_ , 1
4, `Counting Statistics`_ , `Counting Statistics`_ , `Counting Statistics`_ , `Counting Statistics`_ , `Counting Statistics`_ , `Counting Statistics`_ , 2
5, Analysis/Make-up , Analysis/Make-up , Analysis/Make-up , Analysis/Make-up , Analysis/Make-up , Analysis/Make-up ,
6, :red:`Python proficiency exam` , :red:`Python proficiency exam` , :red:`Python proficiency exam` , :red:`Python proficiency exam` , :red:`Python proficiency exam` , :red:`Python proficiency exam` ,
7, `Speed of Light`_ , `X-ray Spectrometer`_ , `Photo-Electric Effect`_ , `Compton Scattering`_ , `Two-Slit Interference`_ , `Hydrogen Spectrum`_ , 3
8 , `X-ray Spectrometer`_ , `Photo-Electric Effect`_ , `Compton Scattering`_ , `Two-Slit Interference`_ , `Hydrogen Spectrum`_ , `Speed of Light`_ , 4
9, `Photo-Electric Effect`_ , `Compton Scattering`_ , `Two-Slit Interference`_ , `Hydrogen Spectrum`_ , `Speed of Light`_ , `X-ray Spectrometer`_ , 5
10, Analysis/Make-up , Analysis/Make-up , Analysis/Make-up , Analysis/Make-up , Analysis/Make-up , Analysis/Make-up ,
11, `Compton Scattering`_ , `Two-Slit Interference`_ , `Hydrogen Spectrum`_ , `Speed of Light`_ , `X-ray Spectrometer`_ , `Photo-Electric Effect`_ , 6
12, `Two-Slit Interference`_ , `Hydrogen Spectrum`_ , `Speed of Light`_ , `X-ray Spectrometer`_ , `Photo-Electric Effect`_, `Compton Scattering`_ , 7
13, `Hydrogen Spectrum`_ , `Speed of Light`_ , `X-ray Spectrometer`_ , `Photo-Electric Effect`_ , `Compton Scattering`_ , `Two-Slit Interference`_ , 8
14, Analysis/Make-up , Analysis/Make-up , Analysis/Make-up , Analysis/Make-up , Analysis/Make-up , Analysis/Make-up ,
15, :red:`Presentations 12/8/2021 9:45`, :red:`Presentations 12/8/2021 9:45`, :red:`Presentations 12/8/2021 9:45`, :red:`Presentations 12/8/2021 9:45`, :red:`Presentations 12/8/2021 9:45`,
Experiment Videos
.................
E/M Ratio
~~~~~~~~~
* `E/M Ratio Overview `_
Counting Statistics
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* `Counting Statistics Overview `_
* `Strong/weak Side of Source `_
* `Low Count Statistics `_
* `High Count Statistic `_
* `Set Counting Time `_
* `Distance Dependence `_
Speed of Light
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* `View through measuring microscope and filter during alignment `_
* `View through measuring microscope during data taking `_
X-Ray Spectrometer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* `Overview of X-ray apparatus and operation `_
Photo-Electric Effect
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* `Setup and zero adjust `_
* `Measurements at different wavelengths `_
Compton Scattering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* `Compton scattering overview (equipment and data taking) `_
* `Analysis part 1 (getting started) `_
* `Analysis part 2 (fitting peak positions) `_
* `Analysis part 3 (prepare for the energy calibration) `_
* `Analysis part 4 (apply fitted calibration) the df `_
* `Analysis part 5 (analyze data at 30 degrees) `_
* `Rebinning (how to reduce the number of bins) `_
Two-Slit Interference
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* `Two-Slit interference overview `_
* `How to read the micrometer `_
* :download:`How to read the traveling microscope <./docs/How_to_read_vernier.pdf>`.
Hydrogen Spectrum
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* `Overview of the instrument and reading the vernier scale `_
:red:`LAST DAY TO SUBMIT LAB REPORTS: Monday, December 6, 11:59 pm`
.. experiment links
.. _Summary of Error Analysis and Statistical Methods: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/experimental_errors.html
.. _Absorption of Beta Particles: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/Beta_Absorption.html
.. _Beta Spectroscopy: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/beta_spectroscopy.html
.. _Compton Scattering: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/scint_compton.html
.. _Counting Statistics: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/counting_statistics.html
.. _Electron Spin Resonance: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/ESR.html
.. _e/m Ratio: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/em_ratio.html
.. _Franck-Hertz Experiment: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/franck_hertz.html
.. _Gamma Spectroscopy: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/gamma_spectroscopy.html
.. _High Temperature Superconductor: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/superconductivity.html
.. _Hydrogen Spectrum: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/hydrogen_spectrum.html
.. _ImageAnalyzer: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/ImageAnalyzer.html
.. _Michelson Interferometer: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/michelson.html
.. _Normal Zeeman Effect: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/zeeman_effect.html
.. _PN-Junction: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/pn_junction.html
.. _Photo-Electric Effect: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/photo_effect.html
.. _Rutherford Scattering: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/Rutherford.html
.. _Scintillation Detector: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/scintillator.html
.. _Stefan-Boltzmann Law: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/stefan_boltzmann.html
.. _Transistor Characteristics: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/transistor.html
.. _Two-Slit Interference: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/interference.html
.. _Electron Diffraction: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/Electron_diffraction.html
.. _Speed of Light: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/speed_of_light.html
.. _X-ray Spectrometer: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/X_ray_spectrometer.html
.. _Python Practice: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/courses/Modern_lab_manual3/python_practice.html
.. if a blank target is needed
|Speed_of_Light| raw:: html
.. Speed of Light
Talk Assignments
-----------------
Talks are given on :red:`Wednesday, December 8 starting at 9:45`
.. csv-table::
:header: Name, Title
Santiago Aguirre, Compton Scattering
Kayla Alfonso, Speed of Light
Alejandro Aponte, Counting Statistics
Suraima Aragon Teclas, Photo-Electric Effect
Antonio Costa, X-ray Spectrometer
Alejandro Cruz, Two-Slit Interference
Jonathan Escobedo, Hydrogen Spectrum
Miguel Fadhel, e/m Ratio
Sabrina Garami, Hydrogen Spectrum
Christopher Jerauld, Counting Statistics
Jose Jimenez, X-ray Spectrometer
Rigel Jimenez,Two-Slit Interference
Ernesto Martinez, Photo-Electric Effect
Brandon Roldan Tomei, Speed of Light
Kayla Shelow, e/m Ratio
Soichi Ystokazu Gomez, Compton Scattering
Allocated time: 10 min and 5 min for questions.
*Talk's content:*
#. Introduction (Physics to be addressed)
#. Description of Experiment
#. Measurement results
#. Error analysis and estimates
#. Results: comparison with literature (if applicable)
#. Summary and Conclusion
You should not have more than 12 slides. :red:`Practice your talk to make sure you are on time.`
Create a presentation using Power Point, Key Note, Libre Office etc. and **save
the final version in PDF format**.
An example of an :download:`APS talk of one of my graduate students <./pictures/APS_TALK_V4.pdf>`.
.. general links
.. _TurnItIn: http://www.turnitin.com
.. _LabTools: http://wanda.fiu.edu/boeglinw/LabTools3/
.. _boeglinw@fiu.edu: mailto:boeglinw@fiu.edu?Subject=PHY3802L
.. _leguo@fiu.edu: mailto:leguo@fiu.edu?Subject=PHY3802L
.. .. |TII| raw:: html
.. TurnItIn
.. |CV| raw:: html
CANVAS
.. use regular text instead of the above links
.. .. |CV| replace:: CANVAS
.. .. |TII| replace:: TurnItIn